Ronald A. Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model of the Atomic Nucleus
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Posted: January 6, 2005    

Cluster Excitations in 6-Li (S. Nakayama et al. 2001).  Publication in Proceedings of International Symposium of Clustering Aspects of Quantum Many-body Systems, eds. A Ohnishi, N. Itagaki, Y. Kanada-En'yo, K Kato.

In this paper, the authors present a number of facts that are in agreement with the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model.  First, they indicate that the ground energy state of Lithium-6 (6Li)  is "known to have cluster structures consisting of" [deuterium + alpha] or [tritium + helium-3].  This fact was presented by Mr. Brightsen in his main 1996 paper on the NCM (see publications).  In that paper, Mr. Brightsen presents the following potential cluster formations (also called isodynes) for 6Li: 

6Li (cluster structure according to Brightsen NCM)

# [N-P] clusters 

 # [N-P-N] clusters

 # [P-N-P] clusters

-2 (antimatter) 

-2 (antimatter) 

-1 (antimatter) 

 -1 (antimatter)

-3 (antimatter) 

From the above table, it is clear that the Brightsen model predicts the two cluster structures for 6Li experimentally confirmed by Nakayama et al.--that is, the [deuterium + alpha] cluster represents the [N-P] + [N-P + N-P] alpha core isodyne of Brightsen (e.g., 3,0,0 option in the table), and the [tritium + helium-3] cluster represents the [N-P-N] + [P-N-P] isodyne (e.g., 0,1,1) of Brightsen.  Of great interest is the observation that the Brightsen NCM also predicts at least three additional possible cluster formations for 6Li that all involve interactions between matter and antimatter clusters.  This paper by Nakayama et al. also indicates that they were able to cause individual clusters within 6Li to spin or show "resonance" while the other cluster (s) remained as "spectators" and did not spin !  This revolutionary experimental result is exactly as predicted by the Brightsen NCM, and is discussed in detail by Robert Bass in his review paper of the Brightsen NCM that can be viewed at this link (publications).  This prediction of the Brightsen NCM, namely that individual clusters within isotopes can be caused to spin (or be excited) independently of other clusters, allows for the safe transmutation of radioactive isotopes as discussed by Mr. Bass.

In his 1995 letter to Fusion Facts (see publications) Mr. Brightsen also discusses possible presence of [N-N] "halo cluster" formations in 6Li.  Nakayama et al. discuss the formation of [N-N] halo exotic clusters being formed in 6Li.  The 4H exotic cluster observed by Nakayama conforms to the {[N-P] + [N-N]} cluster formation predicted by the Brightsen NCM. 

In summary, the above 2001 paper by Nakayama et al., provides conclusive experimental confirmation of the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model that 6Li has complex internal cluster structure that is not predicted by the current shell model of the atomic nucleus (which views protons [P] and neutrons [N] has being independent entities).  The 100 % correspondence between experimental results of Nakayama et al. (2001), including the observed formation of exotic clusters, and the a priori prediction of the Brightsen NCM on the cluster structure in 6Li is not trivial.  Comments are (welcome).


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