Antimatter nucleon clusters within the deuteron [N-P] sea as predicted by the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model. In a number of publications (Infinite Energy, September-October 1995, p. 56; Davis & Brightsen, Infinite Energy, July-August 1995) Mr. Brightsen makes the controversial claim that antimatter nucleon clusters are present with 1-H-1 (the proton) and 1-H-2 (the deuteron). The antimatter nucleon cluster structure within the proton [P] has been discussed at these internal links (see January 5, June 5, June 30, July 17-What's new for 2005). Although the dynamics of how deuterium [NP] can maintain antimatter nucleon clusters has not been published by Mr. Brightsen, the Webmaster offers the following hypothesis. Comments are Welcome.
According to the Brightsen NCM, independent (unbound) protons [P] and neutrons [N] do not exist within isotopes. Thus, let ^ = antimatter, then one possible isodyne structure for the proton is,
[P] = [PNP] + [N^P^], and for the neutron,
[N] = [NPN] + [N^P^]
addition of quantum superposition states yields,
[PNP] + [NPN] matter clusters rotating against 2 [N^P^] antimatter clusters,
and addition using complex number theory (e.g., z = a + bi) yields,
[PNP] rotating against [N^P^] and, [NPN] rotating against [N^P^]
with the [P+N] representing the "real" superposition quantum state of the deuteron, and two hidden [N^P^] "imaginary" antimatter cluster quantum states within the deuteron sea. Note that the hidden clusters, both matter and antimatter, are bosons and thus do not follow Pauli Exclusion statistical dynamics. According to Mr. Brightsen, it is the quantum existence of these antimatter [N^P^] clusters within the deuteron sea that allow reactions of deuterium with heavy elements at low energies to produce a variety of experimentally confirmed stable nuclides such as He-4, Ca-40, Sr-86, Sr-88 and radioactive nuclides H-3, Ru-103, Rh-99, Rh-100, Rh-101, Rh-101m, Rh-102, Pd-100, Ag-106, Ag-106m, Ag-110m (as of 1995). All of these reactions are currently believed to be prohibited because deuterium cannot penetrate the "coulomb barrier" due to strong electrostatic repulsion, however, the Brightsen Model provides a unique explanation that is obtained only when the macroscopic structure of the atomic nucleus is viewed as interacting nucleon clusters, and not independent (unbound) nucleons as held by the current Quark Standard Model.
It is suggested by the Webmaster that the above hypothesis of Mr. Brightsen can be falsified if it can be shown experimentally that (1) a reaction between helium-3 + anti-deuterium does not yield protons, (2) a reaction between tritium and anti-deuterium does not yield neutrons, or (3) no evidence of antimatter is experimentally observed within the deuteron sea outside the six valence quarks of the proton and neutron [(uud)(ddu)]. Peer reviewed publications on these reactions are requested (email to Webmaster).
