Post #7 (Dec, 2007)

I post the following 1961 paper abstract showing experimental evidence for the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model: Accession Number : AD0256007 http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0256007 Title :   EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR CLUSTER STRUCTURES IN LIGHT AND MEDIUM WEIGHT NUCLEI Corporate Author : FLORIDA STATE UNIV TALLAHASSEE Personal Author(s) : SHELINE,RAYMOND K. Report Date : MAR 1961 Pagination or Media Count : 1 Abstract : The assumption made in accordance with the cluster model is that nuclei may be considered to be composed of clusters (single nucleons, H-2, He-3, H-3, He-4, etc.). Comparison of cluster model predictions and experimental level schemes are made for the nuclei Li-7, Be-7, C-12, O-16, F-19, Ne-20, Ca-40, and Sc-43. Comparisons between the spectra of certain pairs of nuclei are particularly relevant from the viewpoint of the cluster model. Comparisons of the spectra of the following pairs of nuclei are made: N-16, O-17; F-19, Ne-20; K-40, Ca-41; and Sc-43, Ti-44. The cluster model also predicts levels of parity different than the ground state. The relative position of these nuclei are compared in nuclei in which the smallest cluster is varied from a single nucleon to larger clusters. This model further predicts that immediately after double closed-shell structures, nuclei with H-3 or He-3 clusters (e.g., F-19) will exhibit a strong decrease in this excitation energy. Results indicate substructures which are often more important than shell-model structures. (Author) Descriptors :   *NUCLEAR MODELS, *NUCLEAR SHELL MODELS, *NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, *NUCLEI, *NUCLEONS, ALPHA PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY, ALPHA PARTICLES, NUCLEAR ENERGY LEVELS, NUCLEAR SPINS, THEORY Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Search DTIC's Public STINET for similiar documents. Members of the public may purchase hardcopy documents from the National Technical Information Service.

Post #6 (2007) Dineutron Clusters in He-8 Isotope

Dineutron Cluster Structure in He-8 Isotope A recent 2007 manuscript (which is now in review) by Yoshiko Kanada-En'yo provides support for the hypothesis presented by Mr. Brightsen that there exist dineutron [N-N] clusters within isotopes.  Kanada-En'yo (2007) presents evidence to suggest that the He-8 isotope has a cluster structure of  [alpha] + [N-N] + [N-N].  The two [N-N] clusters are predicted by theory to be a S wavefunction moving around the alpha core for the O+2 energy state.   This prediction is in complete agreement with the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model.  Here is the link to the manuscript (not yet published):  http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0707/0707.2120v1.pdf And here is a link to many other papers by the same author that deal with cluster structure in isotopes: http://arxiv.org/find/nucl-th/1/au:+Kanada_Enyo_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1 The webmaster has not reviewed these papers, but it is suggested that the evidence of cluster structure presented in the above papers will be shown to the predicted by the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model.

Post #5 (2007) 9/2/07 Peter Fimmel paper on LENR

Dr. Peter Fimmel has published a paper titled "Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Sub-Barrier Neutron Transfers", Apeiron 13(1), 2006.    In this paper Dr. Fimmel discusses how his 2004 Extended Nuclear Cluster Model may help explain LENR (note: information about the Fimmel Model is provided in the section titled 'Cluster Models').  The paper is provided at this link: http://redshift.vif.com/JournalFiles/V13NO1PDF/V13N1FIM.pdf Although the Fimmel Cluster Model differs significantly from the Brightsen Cluster Model, it is of interest that both cluster models make predictions of potential for LENR.  LENR are an important aspect of the 1994 WO Patent of Brightsen et al. based on his Nucleon Cluster Model which predicts the presence of both matter and antimatter nucleon clusters with the proton sea (details of the Brightsen Patent with prediction of LENR is provided in the What's New for 2007 wabpage link).

Post #4 (2007) 9/2/2007 (Mac Gregor Two-Dimension Ising Cluster Model)

The webmaster has recently contacted Dr. Malcolm Mac Gregor, a nuclear physicist that proposed a cluster model of the atomic nucleus in his 1976 paper titled "Evidence for two-dimensional Ising structure in atomic nuclei", Nuovo Cimento, 36A, 113-170, 1976.   Dr. Mac Gregor indicated that additional information about his cluster model is found in his 1978 book titled "The Nature of the Elementary Particle", 1978, Springer, now out of print, but available from Amazon.com.  The Mac Gregor model is also discussed in the 2006 textbook of Norman Cook discussed below in this What's New for 2007 section (Post #1, 2007).  A web page with publications by Dr. Mac Gregor is found at this link: http://70mev.org/alpha/ There is potential for a very important overlap in information (for both structure and dynamics of atomic nucleus) between the Linus Pauling Close-Packed Spheron Model (1965), the Mac Gregor Two-Dimension Ising Model (1976), the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model (1983), and the Peter Fimmel Extended Nuclear Cluster Model (2004)--however, to the knowledge of the webmaster these four models have never been investigated in a comparative manner.  Comments are Welcome.

Post # 3 (2007) Bass & Gleeson, 2000
	The following abstract includes a reference to the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model: R. W. Bass & W. S. Gleeson.  2000. Theoretical and experimental results regarding LENF/CF [low-energy nuclear reactions/cold fusion].  in Transactions pf the American Nuclear Society and the European Nuclear Society, 2000, Vol 83: link:  http://www.innoventek.com/BassGleesonANS2000_CF_Session.pdf

Post #2, August 12, 2007 (Brightsen WO Patent Abstract)

WO Patent # 9,403,906 Methods for Manufacturing & Producing Products ( 2-17-1994 ) Ronald Brightsen, et al. Applicant: CLUSTRON SCIENCES CORP (US) Classification: - international: G21G1/00; G21G1/00; (IPC1-7): G21G1/00 - european: G21G1/00 Application number: WO1993US07444 19930810 Priority number(s): US19920927225 19920810 Cited documents: USP 4,986,887 Abstract ~ A method for generating high energy 2He3 (that is, the P-N-P nucleon cluster, Helium-3--webmaster added) particles includes the steps of accumulating protons and deuterons in intimate contact with a lattice structure storage member and repeatedly reacting one proton and one deuteron to produce 2He3 (P-N-P) particles and excess energy greater than 6 MeV for each of the 2He3 (P-N-P) particles. A method for controlling an energy production reaction of isotopic hydrogen atoms includes steps for storing a first isotope of hydrogen and a second isotope of hydrogen in contact with a lattice structure to produce a first ratio of the first isotope to the second from a mixture having a second ratio of the first isotope to the second isotope, adjusting the energy of the lattice structure to initiate the energy production reaction caused by the interaction of one nucleus of the first isotope with one nucleus of the second isotope and controlling the second ratio to control the rate of the energy production reaction based on the interaction of the first isotope with the second isotope. Methods for treating radioactive waste by transmutation and for forming a superconductive material from a plurality of constituents, as well as methods for forming improved semiconductor devices, improved atomic lattice structures and improved molecular structures and ionic compounds, are described along with selection rules for fine tuning these methods. An apparatus for producing controlled emissions of high energy vHe particles, which can be adapted as a beam producing device or as motor, is also disclosed. New: September 1, 2007:  The webmaster has found a web link to the entire Brightsen et. al. 1994 WO patent !: http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9403906&F=0&QPN=WO9403906 This document provides much important new information about applications of the Nucleon Cluster Model for energy production and transmutation of radioactive wastes.  Consider how the study of radioactive isotopes will be modified when the basic prediction of the Brightsen NCM is found to hold true--e.g., that each of the many 100s of isotopes of nature have completely different internal P and N nucleon cluster structure--that isotopes are not entities only different in mass based on simplistic explanation of adding more neutrons to Z number of fixed protons for each element.   While each of the different isotopes for each element have very similar chemical dynamics via weak force, the Brightsen Model predicts that each isotope has potential for different nuclear dynamics via strong force.  Comments are Welcome:

Post #1 (2007)

New 2006 Textbook on Review of Models of Atomic Nuclei by Professor Norman D. Cook: New: posted, February 9, 2007:  An important recent publication by Professor Norman D. Cook (email: cook@res.kutc.kansai-u-ac.jp) tiled: "Models of the Atomic Nucleus" (2006, Springer), is, to the knowledge of the webmaster, the only textbook on models of atomic nuclei published in the past 40+ years that reviews the historical importance of the Pauling Spheron Model, ever since Pauling published in the journals Science and Nature in 1965 !   Professor Cook states on page 71: "...the model [eg, Pauling Spheron Model, webmaster added] leads to a rather common-sense molecular build-up of nuclei and has an internal logic that is hard to deny...however...despite two decades of advocacy by Pauling [and others, webmaster added], nuclear theorists have not elaborated on the idea of nucleon spherons [nor Brightsen Nucleon Clusters, webmaster added], and the Pauling's model has not entered mainstream nuclear theory". It is the view of the webmaster that it is significant that professor Cook, 40+ years after Pauling first published in the two most respected scientific journals (Science, Nature), does NOT conclude in his 2006 review of atomic models that the Pauling Spheron Model has been experimentally "falsified"--instead--it has been completed ignored !!  Mr. Brightsen and Linus Pauling often communicated with each other (they were students under Dr. Charles Coryell--Pauling at Cal-Tech, Brightsen at MIT).  There are obvious similarity between of the Brightsen Nucelon Cluster Model and the Pauling Spheron Model however: (1) Pauling views the alpha as a basic spheron, whereas Brightsen views the alpha as a secondary entity formed from two [NP] clusters, and (2) the Brightsen model includes as fundamental within all isotopes BOTH matter and antimatter nucleon clusters--Pauling does not mention antimatter clusters.  Given Cook's review, the question must be asked and answered, why have the Pauling and Brightsen cluster models been ignored by those those work in both experimental and theoretical nuclear physics--why no effort to falsify the predictions of these models ?  Revised text: 3/23/2007